27. Medical scientists, except epidemiologists

Projected increase in 2020: 36.4 percent
Number employed in 2010: 100,000
Median pay in 2010: $76,700
Education/training: A PhD in the biological sciences typically qualifies people to research basic life processes or particular medical problems and to analyze the results of experiments.
Job outlook: Medical scientists have enjoyed rapid gains in employment since the 1980s—reflecting, in part, the growth of biotechnology as an industry.