First grade boy can't focus. Is it ADHD?

Posted by Barbara F. Meltz  March 8, 2013 06:00 AM
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I have a 6.5 yo son in First Grade. Reports from teachers uniformly say that he is "bright" or "intelligent"... but they also _always_ say that he is slow to do his work.

Kindergarten started well last year, but the second half was torture -- in the end the teacher felt so unsuccessful with him that she recommended he retake kindergarten with a different teacher.

We had him tested for grade level over the summer and he was on track so we did not hold him back. The beginning of 1st grade was great. The teacher agreed he was in the right class and though he worked slowly, he was doing things well. The second half of the school year started a few weeks ago and tonight I got an email from his teacher saying that his working speed appears to be slowing down and she's looking for ideas to get him back on track. She's concerned that if he doesn't figure out how to complete all of his work this year, that he's going to have a difficult time succeeding next year when there is less free time built into the school day. She is not concerned that he is not learning the material (he is still on track in terms of knowledge gained), she is just concerned that he is not completing the worksheets and written evaluations.

At home, he never has a hard time answering the questions on his homework, but *doing* his homework almost seems painful sometimes. (Think of the feeling you get when you're filing taxes. You have all of the information and it's not that hard to work through. But sometimes it takes a herculean effort to push through -- and the temptation to check facebook or get up and see if there's something worth eating in the refrigerator is so distracting that you find yourself in the kitchen before you know you've left your computer. Substitute spelling for taxes and Legos for a snack and you have what I see some days when he's doing his homework.)

Lack of focus is a problem in other areas of his life as well. At both swim lessons and tae kwondo we get reports about him being distracted easily. At home, we've built in generous transition and distraction times to our schedule. We've talked with our pediatrician and a developmental pediatrician and both of them offer ADHD meds and reminders to use positive reinforcement, but not much else. We make sure he gets between 10 and 11 hours of sleep, he eats a balanced diet with plenty of vegetables and I've started adding a daily vitamin in case the midwinter burnout is related to vitamin D.

I was wondering if you have any suggestions for helping a child of this age learn to own his work and complete it quickly. How do we make the decision of whether or not to medicate? Is this pattern of burnout midway through the year common at this age? Should we be looking into other schooling options where there might be less focus on worksheets and other written feedback? Is there any hope that he will mature out of this?

Thank you for your help!
From: Rosa, Portland, OR


Dear Rosa,

It sounds like you are early in your journey, so I want to stress that my blog is a starting point only; there are many sites that are dedicated to the topic and I'm hoping readers will weigh in with some.

But let me start by saying I'm wondering about your expectations: "Own his work and do it quickly"? This is first grade! But that description did make me think about the possibility of an executive function issue.

Because, let's face it, ADHD does seem to be the diagnosis du jour, and (some) doctors are quick to offer medication. Here's another avenue to explore: psychologist LInda Budd coined the term "active/alert" to describe what's going on for some kids.

Meanwhile, if two doctors have offered ADHD meds and positive reinforcement strategies, I'm assuming they have tested him before coming to this conclusion, right....?. You don't mention that. A child does not typically "mature out of" an ADHD diagnosis, but rather learns to to accommodate his/her specific needs.

To medicate or not? I absolutely do not have an answer but, if you haven't seen it yet, this PBS FrontLine program might help you. Ditto for this from the New York Times. And of course you should read my felllow Boston Globe blogger, Dr. Claudia Gold, on this subject.

Discovering what's going on with any child takes time and resources, and I mean emotional as well as financial. It sounds to me like you're doing a great job so far. I hope that some of my recommendations -- and more likely, those from readers -- will be helpful.

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11 comments so far...
  1. The doctor is offering meds without neuropsych testing? That really concerns me. Please get your son evaluated, first.

    We have a child with ADD/ADHD, and did notice lack of attention/focus in first grade and predicted the neuropsych report (child couldn't sit still as a toddler; but good behavior at school meant the issues were pretty much unnoticed by teachers until 3rd). Now, our second sounds more similar to yours--works VERY slowly (and, now in 2nd, is behind). This kid is not under the radar, and never has been--the slowness is very noticeable. Testing will take place very soon. It might not be ADD/ADHD. It could be slow processing speed, retrieval, etc.

    Please get your child tested!

    Good luck!

    Posted by Beth March 8, 13 11:23 AM
  1. "But let me start by saying I'm wondering about your expectations: "Own his work and do it quickly"? This is first grade!"

    Barbara, my daughter's kindergarten teacher is upset that she is not writing complete sentences. The expectations today are really ridiculous, but I can't say that without getting the what-an-overprotective-mom looks.

    I wish I had advice for the LW, but it sounds like my little one is following the same path as hers. It's hard for easily distracted children to fit well into traditional classrooms -- hard for the children and hard for the teachers, too.

    Posted by SandEE March 8, 13 01:53 PM
  1. I feel so sorry for this six year old child, and all the others in this kind of school regime. It is truly incomprehensible to me that anyone thinks a six year old learns best by 'completing worksheets' - I'd check out, too, if I were him. Kids, especially at this early age, need to learn with their whole bodies, and need to experience the world with all of their senses. Why would anyone be bright, engaged and curious when their day consists of sitting at a desk completing paperwork? I strongly believe that the problem is not with this boy, but with the educational system in which he his trapped. Very, very sad.

    Posted by Cathy March 8, 13 02:22 PM
  1. I also have to agree that Barbara seems out of touch with the academic expectations for young children (K-2nd grade) these days. In my district, if your child isn't reading by the end of K they are recommended for summer school. Not kidding. First grade is even harder, very little free time and lots of worksheets. I have a friend with a son who sounds like yours. The parents are against medicating and are seeing a therapist to help give their son tools and strategies for managing school work. Teacher is also on board and helps him when he seems to be going off track in school. Best of luck.

    Posted by Emily March 8, 13 02:37 PM
  1. The curious part to me is that both his kindergarten and first grade teachers said he was fine for the first semester of the year, but was going "off track" during the second. I wonder if the school changes their teaching methods or grading rubrics and behavioral standards in the second half of the year.

    If there's something disordered with the child's brain, his behavior would be more consistent, not "good" for four months and then "bad" for four months. I would seriously look into what goes on at school before putting him on medication.

    Posted by AP March 8, 13 03:02 PM
  1. If I read you correctly, you are telling me that he is making the expected academic progress with minimal effort or work. Has the teacher tried giving him work that challenges him? Perhaps something hands-on rather than an endless stream of boring repetitive worksheets? I realize that as an adult he will be faced with the occasional boring and repetitive task, but he (hopefully) won't fill his days with them.

    You should strongly consider an alternative educational environment, perhaps Montessori-based. The teachers are telling you that he is a bad fit for their school, he is a round peg that they are trying to fit into a square hole. You can try to change the child, but wouldn't it be kinder to change the school?

    Posted by TF March 8, 13 03:05 PM
  1. Maybe I should have noted, this story sounds exactly like our son. Tests show a slightly above-average IQ. Easily distracted, and a VERY slow worker at times. We anticipated the difficulties you are facing and sent him to a Montessori school. That didn't cure his "problems" (he is still distractible, still works slowly), but...

    Now he is in 4th grade, working at a 5th-6th grade level in math, writing at a similar proficiency, competent in all academic subjects. And likely due to those hours spent reading over the last four years, when he was supposed to be doing his work, he has an 8th/9th grade understanding of science.

    Should we have medicated him into submission so that he would be able to focus on grade-level worksheets?

    Posted by TF March 8, 13 03:26 PM
  1. The overuse of worksheets and the preponderance of "seat work" is one of the reasons I left public school and returned to my first love - preschool. The photocopier has become the enemy of creative, child centered education and boys in particular are paying the price.
    At least the teacher is willing to work with LW to find some solutions. Perhaps she could set up a mini Lego center in the classroom as a reward for the "slow" workers: if they hand in their papers in the allotted time they can spend some extra time there.
    Also, LW should purchase a small Time Timer clock (available on line). It's a valuable tool for helping children manage time on tasks. Good luck!

    Posted by Gail March 8, 13 06:22 PM
  1. Hi, I teach high school. Every year, I see kids who have been shuffled through on 504 plans for ADHD and have been through a variety of meds, all on the say-so of a pediatrician.Then, in 9th or 10th grade, they finally fall so very far behind or act out so very badly, that they FINALLY get referred for a neuropsych eval and guess what...the kid has a specific learning disability in reading, or processing speed in the 5th percentile, or zero working memory, or an executive function disorder, or some combination.

    And there are those poor parents kicking themselves for listening to one pediatrician for all those years (and all those useless meds). And there is that poor struggling teenager, who could have been getting appropriate services and learning appropriate strategies for the past 9-10 YEARS, and instead just felt stupider and stupider each year.

    So please, please get the neuropsych eval. In Mass, the school is required to provide full educational testing if you request it in writing. Then if there is anything else you want that the school declines to provide, you will be paying an outside consultant only for the additional testing.

    If it turns out he actually has ADD, or has seasonal affective disorder or is simply a late bloomer, the testing will tell you that, too, and you can strategize with the school or an advocate as to the best plan. Don't wait, there are lots of great strategies and tools once you know what's going on.

    Posted by Dawn March 8, 13 06:49 PM
  1. "Kids, especially at this early age, need to learn with their whole bodies, and need to experience the world with all of their senses"
    VERY true, and kindergarten teachers know this and plan their days accordingly, however there are also appropriate expectations that a child this age be able complete some work that requires sitting quietly and focusing. Typically developing children with no learning difficulties do this everyday in classrooms all over the world. Making excuses for children who are unable to do so benefits no one. Please listen, don't argue with your child's teacher if they give you this type of information. They are doing it to HELP your child to succeed, they are not doing it to be critical of you or your parenting skills. They are not telling you this to "single out" or "label" your child. It is their JOB to identify children who are having difficulty with the expectations of their learning environment and believe me it is quite obvious to the teacher when a child is struggling. Get the testing done, yes it is time consuming and expensive now, but the price you will pay later is much greater if you do not get the info you need to help your child succeed in school. Good luck!

    Posted by MJ March 9, 13 08:55 AM
  1. I second the first comment about neuro testing. It could be AD(H)D, executive function, a processing speed issue or something else entirely. You won't know without the complete round of tests and the tests will give you ammunition with the school if you need to ask for accommodations

    Our oldest is exceptionally bright, but has clear ADD (you can have it without the H) with executive function deficits as well. Attention falls into two catagories, auditory and visual. You can have deficits in one but not the other. His are entirely auditory. We have been treating for 3 years now with behavior modification, a 504 accommodations plan, a CD set called The Listening Program and specialized computer program called Play Attention. It is a computer program that our therapist runs at his office. Biofeedback runs the "game" helping to retrain our sons brain to produce the desired focused brainwaves. I was skeptical at first but his teachers have reported great gains. His 504 details that his lesson planner is checked and signed every night. He has a checklist for packing his backpack at home and school, and another for what a well completed assignment should look like. All instructions must be written down. Our goal is for him to concretely learn how to balance his time properly, give his best effort so he will be able to moderate himself in college and adulthood. He is now in middle school and in the top tracks for all courses. He still needs his planner checked and is prone to forgetting his lunch but we have seen HUGE improvements.

    Posted by beatonfam March 9, 13 09:10 AM
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About the author

Barbara F. Meltz is a freelance writer, parenting consultant, and author of "Put Yourself in Their Shoes: Understanding How Your Children See the World." She won several awards for her weekly "Child Caring" column in the Globe, including the 2008 American Psychological Association Print Excellence award. Barbara is available as a speaker for parent groups.

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