Wildflowers disappear from Walden Pond as earth heats up
By Billy Baker, Globe Correspondent
In the 1850s, a few years after he had gone to “live deliberately” in a cabin in the woods at Walden Pond, Henry David Thoreau began to compile detailed records on hundreds of species of plants in his beloved Concord. That same data is now being used to measure the effect of climate change and, according to researchers, the news is not good.
Scientists from Harvard and Boston University reported today that the mean annual temperature has climbed by 4 degrees since Thoreau's time in Concord, and over that same period, 27 percent of the species documented by Thoreau have disappeared.
Another 36 percent are in such low numbers that their disappearance is imminent, despite the fact that 60 percent of Concord’s natural areas have been protected or undeveloped since Thoreau’s time.
Overall, the scientists – whose study appears in the journal of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science – have found in Thoreau’s backyard an evolutionary story of winners and losers.
Species that have responded to rising temperatures and earlier spring by flowering earlier -- on average, seven days earlier than Thoreau recorded --have managed to survive. Those that did not are dying off, including many familiar families such as orchids, irises, sunflowers, dogwoods, lilies, roses and buttercups. (Here is a link to a photo gallery of some of Walden's flora).
Because so many of the winners and losers have been found to be phylogentically linked – meaning they are close genetic relatives on the tree of life – the study is the first to report that whole groups of related plants are at extinction risk from global warming.
“Before this study, there was some idea that climate change would not be acting in a random way on groups of organisms,” said Charles Davis, a plant evolutionary biologist at Harvard who did the genetic analysis, with Charles Willis, in Davis’ lab. “But what we’ve established with an evolutionary diagram is that it’s not just species that are going to be winners and losers, but whole groups of species that are close genetic relatives.”
Richard Primack, a BU biology professor who spent five years gathering the field data from Concord used in the study, said that he hopes the connection to Thoreau and Walden – both icons in the environmental conservation movement – will allow the findings to hit home.
“Thoreau was the earliest person to keep detailed records of when plants flowered in the U.S., and as a field scientist this is an extremely valuable data set to work from,” Primack said on a recent afternoon as he stood next to Walden Pond, just across an inlet from the site where Thoreau’s modest house once stood.
“But he’s also someone people know, and he’s talking about common species people know. If you came out here looking for the flowers Thoreau saw, you wouldn’t find many of them. It’s a sad message.”



and it is all due to a 4 degree rise in (average) temperature? I don't believe it.....what is the concentration of different nutrients in the soil now, compared to then? Growing up in Central Illinois, we had "wild" grapes. The neighborhood, I found out from the person who bought the first house 50 years prior, used to be a winery. So the grapes weren't actually native. But the vines would still grow, and after some time, produced no fruit (in the early 1990's) We also had a couple of strawberry plants in barrel full of dirt. The first year, the fruit was big, but over the next few years, the fruit became increasingly small, until no fruit was made. We never fertalized or watered it (it was outside, so it could catch the rain). More in next post.
Another example would be crop rotation, where corn and soybeans are alternated in a field (If I recall right, every seven years, with a few years in between the switch) so the soil can get the proper nutrients. I would suspect this theory is the same in Nature. I would suspect that Thoreau's "Pond" is in the ending of a cycle where nutrients in the soil differ in concentration and makeup from what they were almost 200 yrs ago. Not to mention that they are now talking about the plants blooming a week earlier? How dumb are these people? Since when was a week difference over the course of 150 yrs in agriculture a sign of the end times? Let's see, that will be in the next post.
So what if some plants are no longer growing? There are some other plants that are growing in greater quantities. Are we expected to change the way we live just to save every single plant that ever existed? We weren't put on this Earth for the sake of some vegetation. Has it occurred to anyone that the native grasses in the Mid-west have been replaced with corn, wheat, beans and other vegetables? Do anyone care to come up with a reason to reverse that trend?
My problem with this is how accurate tempatures were kept 100 years ago. Come on, are we to beleive that the technology was that good and the people kept records that were accurate? They were to busy trying to survive...
A difference of 4 degrees over a 150 years is incredible. Considering the age of the planet, and considering that geological time is measured not in centuries or even millennia, but in millions and billions of years, the warming of this scale is catastrophic in a very short time by geological standards.
The loss of these plants, in terms that people can understand, is very sad indeed. We might understand, for example, that auks and other animals are becoming extinct or endangered, but most people have never seen much wildlife other than common mammals outside a zoo or wildlife sanctuary, so the significance of tigers, leopards, cougars, grizzly bears, polar bears disappearing from the face of the earth doesn't register with them very much: flowers and other flora are available to everyone, and the dearth of a species of common flowers will be noted by many. It is likely that some of those plants would have become extinct even without global warming, but the recordable facts in this instance only heightens the awareness of how fast we are destroying our home planet in the time we have been the wardens of it. The dinosaurs lived for over 25 million years without inflicting the damage we have in a very, very short time, geographical or otherwise.
So Chris--we hear from both a plant evolutionary biologist and a professor of biology and your disagreement with them is based upon what--a hunch? Your observations as a lay person? A from the gut opinion ? What if the conclusions they draw deserve more legitimacy than yours' simply because they are scientists--this is what they do and study. It is their calling. They have drawn conclusions based upon careful observation. What are your qualifications for contradicting their opinions other than having an opinion?
Let's see, I could believe Davis' and WIllis' well documented, peer reviewed, scientific study OR I could believe Chris who has done no scientific study but has, instead, a few personal stories from a completely unrelated place and time.
Chris, while you type your multiple diatribes, take some time out to consider whether you know what you're are talking about.
When I was in graduate school, I was told that I could get abundant funding for my research if I just jumped on the climate change bandwagon. It seems that many researchers are doing just that, selling out their integrity to tie anything they can to "Global Warming," no matter how tenuous the connection.
Even if the climate is changing (which it is, naturally), not everything is tied to that. Secondly, environmental changes tend to lead to diversity...if the climate were stagnant, there'd be no driver for evolutionary change and diversification, all other things being equal.
In the first decade of the 21st Century, we're finding that the temperature changes are correlated more closely with variations in the Sun than with CO2 levels. It will be as interesting to see how the Global Warming Industry deals with this--there's a lot of money betting on people being suckers for the CO2 limits!
This blogger might want to review your comment before posting it.
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