Forager's delight: wild onion, wild garlic, wild night
Janet Wynn's dinner guests were in for a surprise. Poking from the evening's salad was wood sorrel, a wild plant that looks like clover and has a tart, lemony taste.
The day before, that same wood sorrel was poking up from the ground about 5 miles from downtown Boston. Wynn picked it during an evening walk along the Charles River led by wild-foods specialist Russ Cohen.
When the evening was over, Wynn had a perfect salad garnish, and Cohen had another convert.
"I loved the walk," the Brookline resident said. "I never knew anything about foraging before this. It's opened up a whole new world for me, and it is right here in our own backyards."
For 35 years, Cohen has been opening up the world of foraging for folks all over New England, giving tours to people interested in free food and picking up a few survival techniques. Lately, he's been pretty busy.
The growing interest, he suspects, springs from a hot trend out of San Francisco that is producing "locavores," people determined to eat only foods picked or produced locally, on a farm or in a forest. He also grudgingly concedes that popular television shows such as "Man vs. Wild" and "Survivor" have given foraging a new cachet.
On a recent sterling evening, Cohen separated fact from fiction in a walk along the Charles sponsored by the Boston chapter of the Appalachian Mountain Club and the Watertown Citizens for Environmental Safety.
The group consisted mostly of young hikers, with a few folks more likely to relate to 1970s cereal commercials by natural-foods proponent Euell Gibbons. Some were mildly curious, others eager, and some, like Wynn, just out for a stroll.
It didn't take long for their attentions to fix on the slightly hippyish man with a close-cropped beard who stopped the procession every few minutes to describe the virtues of plants that looked like, and in many cases were, weeds.
Milkweed, pokeweed, Japanese knotweed. Wild garlic, wild onion, sheep sorrel, European barberry - it makes great jelly - were all found in abundance less than 20 minutes into the walk.
It seemed that the edible far outweighed the inedible, as plant after plant had some leaf, stem, root, fruit, or seed that makes a nice stir-fry, salad green, or seasoning, or tastes just like spinach when steamed.
"Just like many wild animals are said to taste a lot like chicken, a lot of wild plants are supposed to taste just like spinach," Cohen said. "But young mulberry leaves, when you steam them, really do taste just like spinach."
Standing in front of the near-ripe mulberry tree some 20 feet from the river's edge, Cohen dissected its many uses, some of which go beyond nourishment. Not only do the super-sweet ripe mulberries make a great vinaigrette salad dressing, but the unripe fruit is reputed to have recreational properties.
"The raw, unripe fruits are alleged by one wild foods author to be hallucinogenic," Cohen said. "I tried it when I was younger. I didn't experience anything. I don't know, maybe I didn't eat enough."
Getting your fill of some of these foods, Cohen cautions, is not the goal of foraging. These plants are mainly supplements - interesting, sometimes healthy, and often tasty embellishments that can be fun to gather if you know where and, just as important, when to look.
Milkweed, pokeweed, and Japanese knotweed are best in spring, when the plants are just shoots. Mulberries ripen toward the end of June, followed by blackberries and red raspberries.
In mid- to late summer you can make a pink lemonade-like beverage from staghorn sumac berries. Rosa rugosa rose hips ripen about the same time and make a tea that packs more vitamin C than oranges. Jerusalem artichokes are best between October and April, when the tuberous roots firm up.
"It really makes you think about the seasons," said AMC member Karen Deane of Somerville. "To think that there is this food available whenever you want it. It's kind of like having a garden."
There's also the nutritional aspect. Japanese knotweed is a rich source of resveratrol, a potent antioxidant that is sold in health food stores. Steamed mulberry leaves may taste like spinach, but they have a lot more minerals.
Some plants have more than one use. Burdock looks just like rhubarb, but doesn't have the poisonous leaves. It also apparently fits into more recipes than rice. The roots taste like a starchy artichoke; the immature flower stalks, peeled and blanched, are great in spaghetti sauce; and the leaf stalks make a Sicilian dish best described as burdock egg foo young.
"It's got me thinking of my environment as a grocery store," said Laura Feldman, also from Somerville.
Cohen has written a book on the subject, "Wild Plants I Have Known . . . and Eaten," where you can find a calendar that lists when various edible plants in New England can be eaten. Cohen also has a website, users.rcn.com/eatwild, with a schedule of walks planned for this year.
He says he is not in this for the money. The proceeds from his book - in its third printing - benefit a land-preservation group, the Essex County Greenbelt Association, and he asks to be paid for leading a tour only when the sponsoring group charges a fee.
"It's just a lot of fun," he said. "Foraging for edible wild plants feeds a lot of hunter-gatherer instincts that make people enjoy things like fishing, and it's a really good way to diversify your diet."
Still, he cautions that finding a salad garnish or pie ingredient in your backyard is one thing; living off the land on the outskirts of Boston is another.
"Since the survivor-man programs, I've been getting peppered with questions about subsisting entirely on wild plants," Cohen said. "I tell people that if you want to work it into a conventional diet, fine. But don't go out there and try to live off acorns, it's in contravention to logic.
"Let's be honest," he said, "in this day and age in New England, it's more likely that you are going to find yourself in walking distance to a 
