Massachusetts is receiving more than $5 million in federal funds to help prevent homelessness. The administration of Governor Deval Patrick says the money will support emergency shelters and programs that seek to keep individuals and families from losing their homes. Officials say $1.7 million of the $5.3 million grant will be used to increase staff and add beds at 10 emergency shelters. The money will also increase the number of rooms set aside for homeless families from two to 15. Shelters that will receive funding include the Pine Street Inn and St. Francis House in Boston, Friends of the Homeless in Springfield, and Father Bill’s & MainSpring, an organization that serves the South Shore. Officials say another $2 million will support programs that seek ‘‘rapid rehousing’’ of the homeless.